Developed economies: unemployment rates,a 2013-2023
Percentage of labour force
|
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022b |
2023c |
Developed economies |
Australia |
5.7 |
6.1 |
6.1 |
5.7 |
5.6 |
5.3 |
5.2 |
6.5 |
5.1 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
Canada |
7.1 |
6.9 |
6.9 |
7.1 |
6.4 |
5.9 |
5.7 |
9.6 |
7.5 |
5.3 |
5.9 |
Iceland |
5.8 |
5.4 |
4.5 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.1 |
3.9 |
6.4 |
6.0 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
Japan |
4.0 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
New Zealand |
5.9 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
5.1 |
4.7 |
4.3 |
4.1 |
4.6 |
3.8 |
3.3 |
3.9 |
Norway |
3.9 |
3.8 |
4.7 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
3.9 |
4.8 |
4.5 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
Switzerland |
4.7 |
4.8 |
4.8 |
4.9 |
4.8 |
4.7 |
4.4 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
4.1 |
4.2 |
United Kingdom |
7.6 |
6.2 |
5.4 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
4.6 |
4.5 |
3.7 |
4.4 |
United States |
7.4 |
6.2 |
5.3 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
3.9 |
3.7 |
8.1 |
5.4 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
Austria |
5.7 |
6.0 |
6.1 |
6.5 |
5.9 |
5.2 |
4.8 |
6.0 |
6.2 |
4.8 |
5.2 |
Belgium |
8.6 |
8.7 |
8.7 |
7.9 |
7.2 |
6.0 |
5.5 |
5.8 |
6.3 |
5.5 |
5.7 |
Bulgaria |
13.9 |
12.4 |
10.1 |
8.6 |
7.2 |
6.2 |
5.2 |
6.1 |
5.3 |
4.3 |
4.5 |
Croatia |
17.3 |
17.3 |
16.2 |
13.1 |
11.2 |
8.5 |
6.6 |
7.5 |
7.6 |
6.5 |
6.8 |
Cyprus |
15.9 |
16.1 |
15.0 |
13.0 |
11.1 |
8.4 |
7.1 |
7.6 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
7.3 |
Czechia |
7.0 |
6.1 |
5.1 |
4.0 |
2.9 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
Denmark |
7.4 |
6.9 |
6.3 |
6.0 |
5.8 |
5.1 |
5.0 |
5.6 |
5.1 |
4.2 |
4.6 |
Estonia |
8.6 |
7.3 |
6.4 |
6.8 |
5.8 |
5.4 |
4.5 |
6.9 |
6.2 |
5.5 |
5.8 |
Finland |
8.3 |
8.7 |
9.4 |
8.9 |
8.7 |
7.5 |
6.8 |
7.7 |
7.6 |
6.9 |
7.3 |
France |
10.3 |
10.3 |
10.3 |
10.1 |
9.4 |
9.0 |
8.4 |
8.0 |
7.8 |
7.6 |
7.9 |
Germany |
5.0 |
4.7 |
4.4 |
3.9 |
3.6 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
Greece |
27.8 |
26.6 |
25.0 |
23.9 |
21.8 |
19.7 |
17.9 |
17.6 |
15.3 |
12.4 |
12.2 |
Hungary |
9.8 |
7.5 |
6.6 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
Ireland |
13.8 |
11.9 |
9.9 |
8.4 |
6.7 |
5.8 |
5.0 |
5.9 |
6.3 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
Italy |
12.4 |
12.9 |
12.0 |
11.7 |
11.3 |
10.6 |
9.9 |
9.3 |
9.5 |
8.3 |
8.6 |
Latvia |
11.9 |
10.9 |
9.9 |
9.7 |
8.7 |
7.4 |
6.3 |
8.1 |
7.6 |
6.9 |
7.3 |
Lithuania |
11.8 |
10.7 |
9.1 |
7.9 |
7.1 |
6.2 |
6.3 |
8.5 |
7.1 |
5.9 |
6.4 |
Luxembourg |
5.9 |
5.9 |
6.7 |
6.3 |
5.5 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
6.8 |
6.0 |
4.8 |
5.0 |
Malta |
6.1 |
5.7 |
5.4 |
4.7 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
4.4 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
Netherlands |
8.2 |
8.4 |
7.9 |
7.0 |
5.9 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
4.9 |
4.2 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
Poland |
10.6 |
9.2 |
7.7 |
6.3 |
5.0 |
3.9 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
Portugal |
17.2 |
14.6 |
13.0 |
11.5 |
9.2 |
7.2 |
6.7 |
7.0 |
6.6 |
5.9 |
6.0 |
Romania |
9.0 |
8.6 |
8.4 |
7.2 |
6.1 |
5.3 |
4.9 |
6.1 |
5.6 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
Slovakia |
14.1 |
13.1 |
11.5 |
9.6 |
8.1 |
6.5 |
5.7 |
6.7 |
6.8 |
6.1 |
6.4 |
Slovenia |
10.1 |
9.7 |
9.0 |
8.0 |
6.6 |
5.1 |
4.4 |
5.0 |
4.8 |
4.1 |
4.3 |
Spain |
26.1 |
24.5 |
22.1 |
19.6 |
17.2 |
15.3 |
14.1 |
15.5 |
14.7 |
12.8 |
13.0 |
Sweden |
8.2 |
8.1 |
7.6 |
7.1 |
6.8 |
6.5 |
7.0 |
8.5 |
8.8 |
7.3 |
7.8 |
European Union |
Source: UN DESA, based on data from Eurostat, OECD, ILOSTAT and UN DESA forecasts.
a Unemployment data are standardized by the OECD and Eurostat for comparability among countries and over time, in conformity with the definitions of the
International Labour Organization (see OECD, Standardized Unemployment Rates: Sources and Methods (Paris, 1985)).
b Partly estimated.
c Baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on UN DESA World Economic Forecasting Model.
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