Database Source：【31】Selected economies real effective exchange rates, broad measurement-电子科技大学西非研究中心

Selected economies: real effective exchange rates, broad measurement^a,b

	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022^c
Developed economies

Australia	100.0	94.9	90.3	81.2	82.0	84.8	81.6	77.7	76.7	81.7	84.5
Austria	100.0	101.7	103.2	101.1	102.5	103.3	104.3	103.4	105.2	105.3	105.4
Belgium	100.0	101.2	101.3	97.5	100.0	101.2	102.9	101.4	102.3	103.0	103.1
Bulgaria	100.0	99.9	99.6	96.9	96.8	96.5	100.2	100.0	102.5	103.7	110.2
Canada	100.0	96.5	90.3	81.3	79.3	80.4	79.8	79.0	77.9	81.9	81.6
Croatia	100.0	100.7	100.4	98.6	99.6	99.6	101.3	100.0	98.5	98.8	104.6
Czechia	100.0	97.4	92.3	91.4	93.8	96.8	100.8	101.0	101.2	105.1	120.6
Denmark	100.0	100.7	101.6	97.3	98.2	98.3	99.3	97.5	98.6	97.6	96.4
Finland	100.0	102.3	104.9	101.9	103.1	102.0	104.1	102.7	104.2	103.3	100.1
France	100.0	101.2	101.3	96.3	97.4	97.6	99.1	97.7	98.8	98.4	94.3
Germany	100.0	102.0	102.7	98.3	99.7	100.3	102.2	100.7	101.6	102.4	101.1
Greece	100.0	99.3	98.0	92.0	93.0	92.5	90.6	88.2	87.7	86.6	87.0
Hungary	100.0	98.4	95.1	92.6	93.2	94.3	93.6	92.6	88.6	88.9	86.8
Ireland	100.0	101.5	100.5	92.7	93.9	94.0	94.9	92.2	92.3	92.3	88.6
Italy	100.0	101.6	101.8	97.0	97.9	98.1	98.7	96.5	97.0	96.8	95.0
Japan	100.0	80.2	75.4	70.1	78.9	75.0	74.7	76.5	77.3	71.0	62.0
Netherlands	100.0	102.9	102.9	98.4	99.5	99.4	100.6	100.5	102.6	102.8	103.5
New Zealand	100.0	102.5	105.3	96.2	97.0	98.0	92.3	90.9	90.2	96.1	95.4
Norway	100.0	97.9	92.7	84.9	86.1	86.7	87.4	85.4	79.6	84.5	83.2
Poland	100.0	100.0	101.1	98.4	94.8	96.7	97.3	96.2	96.7	96.2	100.5
Portugal	100.0	100.0	99.3	96.9	98.3	97.4	96.1	95.1	96.7	95.0	92.6
Romania	100.0	103.7	105.1	102.5	101.3	99.0	101.1	100.6	101.3	101.2	106.7
Slovakia	100.0	101.1	101.9	99.8	100.0	99.0	100.4	101.0	103.5	103.2	105.3
Spain	100.0	101.7	101.0	95.8	96.3	96.9	96.2	94.7	95.4	96.0	95.6
Sweden	100.0	101.3	96.3	91.1	91.7	90.6	86.3	83.2	85.2	87.7	84.1
Switzerland	100.0	98.6	99.4	104.9	102.8	100.5	97.5	98.2	101.9	99.4	99.6
United Kingdom	100.0	98.8	105.6	110.3	98.4	93.3	94.9	94.4	94.4	98.1	99.0
United States	100.0	100.2	102.1	112.9	116.5	114.2	109.2	113.2	115.5	113.1	122.8
Economies in transition

Azerbaijan	100.0	99.8	103.5	95.5	70.1	70.9	72.5	75.4	77.7	78.9	91.8
Belarus	100.0	107.8	119.6	110.1	101.4	98.8	97.0	99.3	92.9	93.4	84.6
Kazakhstan	100.0	100.6	93.3	93.2	70.9	76.7	75.8	72.4	71.8	71.0	73.2
Russian Federation	100.0	100.2	90.0	74.4	74.3	86.1	78.7	80.9	74.6	73.7	99.0
Ukrained	100.0	96.4	73.9	69.9	70.1	73.5	77.9	89.3	88.1	90.1	93.6
Developing economies

Algeria	100.0	98.0	99.9	95.3	94.5	95.3	91.9	93.8	90.2	85.6	90.2
Argentina	100.0	90.9	74.4	87.5	75.8	78.9	52.7	43.4	39.5	38.9	34.0

Bangladesh	100.0	110.9	118.8	135.5	143.0	143.7	141.2	148.8	154.9	150.8	164.0
Brazil	100.0	94.6	92.5	75.5	78.8	84.9	67.7	67.5	54.5	54.9	63.8
Chile	100.0	99.0	89.7	87.1	87.9	90.5	88.9	84.6	81.6	87.0	83.7
China	100.0	104.5	107.8	115.8	110.1	106.0	105.9	104.7	106.1	109.7	111.2
Colombia	100.0	96.3	91.5	74.0	70.4	71.2	58.2	55.6	50.9	50.5	49.6
Dominican Republic	100.0	96.8	94.8	96.2	95.1	90.9	80.0	80.0	75.9	75.9	78.3
Egypt	100.0	94.3	101.1	112.0	98.4	67.2	75.8	89.1	98.2	97.9	108.0
Ethiopia	100.0	99.9	99.8	108.3	109.9	106.9	108.8	121.0	113.5	109.1	141.7
Guatemala	100.0	102.0	106.5	114.5	121.1	127.1	122.4	125.1	129.0	131.1	137.0
Hong Kong SARe	100.0	97.4	96.9	102.5	106.9	109.7	106.0	109.5	114.4	109.1	112.5
India	100.0	99.6	101.5	107.7	108.4	111.2	105.8	110.8	109.7	110.1	111.8
Indonesia	100.0	95.2	89.2	90.0	94.3	95.6	90.1	93.8	92.2	91.1	93.7
Iran, Islamic Republic of	100.0	88.6	72.7	76.6	78.1	77.2	72.5	99.9	131.0	162.5	235.1
Israel	100.0	106.5	107.7	106.2	108.2	112.7	111.1	113.5	115.9	119.3	122.4
Korea, Republic of	100.0	103.5	108.9	107.9	106.6	109.5	110.7	105.2	103.1	103.7	89.2
Kuwait	100.0	100.7	102.0	104.8	108.0	107.9	105.8	106.6	105.7	105.1	107.9
Malaysia	100.0	99.4	98.8	90.0	86.8	85.3	89.1	87.6	84.7	84.0	81.3
Mexico	100.0	105.6	104.4	92.4	79.9	81.2	59.5	59.4	54.3	58.1	59.7
Morocco	100.0	101.3	101.8	101.5	103.6	102.4	102.9	103.4	104.8	106.0	108.0
Nigeria	100.0	106.8	114.0	110.4	98.0	91.5	99.4	111.3	107.3	105.5	119.3
Pakistan	100.0	97.3	103.8	109.5	112.8	114.2	100.9	91.3	91.6	96.2	108.0
Peru	100.0	98.8	96.8	95.1	93.7	96.2	91.7	93.5	93.6	84.5	89.7
Philippines	100.0	102.3	101.3	105.5	102.2	97.2	95.1	99.4	104.9	105.1	99.8
Qatar	100.0	103.7	106.4	115.6	118.3	116.4	113.2	113.3	108.7	106.3	114.1
Saudi Arabia	100.0	103.0	104.5	112.2	114.6	111.2	111.1	109.5	111.5	109.2	113.7
Singapore	100.0	102.0	101.8	99.6	98.6	97.0	96.1	96.1	93.6	94.0	100.1
South Africa	100.0	88.9	83.8	81.2	76.6	85.6	86.8	81.1	69.3	74.3	71.1
Sri Lanka	100.0	104.5	105.8	110.5	107.5	107.0	98.7	92.5	93.5	89.4	95.1
Taiwan Province of China	100.0	100.5	99.3	99.7	99.6	104.7	104.1	102.4	105.6	108.6	109.5
Thailand	100.0	103.9	100.3	100.4	97.4	100.3	103.8	109.4	106.3	100.7	95.1
Türkiye	100.0	98.9	94.6	92.3	91.1	80.9	68.5	67.7	60.1	53.3	50.1
United Arab Emirates	100.0	101.1	103.7	113.4	115.3	115.1	117.0	112.9	107.0	101.3	106.1
Uruguay	100.0	106.9	103.4	104.5	103.6	106.5	88.5	87.2	86.1	87.9	100.7
Viet Nam	100.0	105.1	107.7	112.2	114.8	113.8	113.3	115.4	117.3	113.8	121.5

Source: UN DESA, Bank for International Settlements, IMF International Financial Statistics.

a 2012=100.

b CPI-based indices. The real effective exchange rate gauges the effect on international price competitiveness of currency changes and inflation differentials. A rise

in the index implies a fall in competitiveness and vice versa.

c Average for the first ten months.

d The Government of Ukraine has advised the United Nations that it is not in a position to provide statistical data concerning the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and

the city of Sevastopol.

e Special Administrative Region of China.